• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Aerodynamic system (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one vortex generator (2) by creating a periodic air jet (15) able to be disposed downstream of at least one delamination region (9) d at least one bodywork element (4) of a vehicle, said detachment region (9) generating a vortex zone (3) having a shear layer (8) and a main vortex (5) of return, characterized in that said vortex generator (2) comprises at least one orientable nozzle (6) able to generate vortices (7) moving in a defined direction towards the shear layer (8) and the main vortex (5) back, in a different plane of the shear layer (8).
    公开号:FR3031719A1
    申请号:FR1550483
    申请日:2015-01-21
    公开日:2016-07-22
    发明作者:Philippe Gilotte；Yoann Eulalie
    申请人:Plastic Omnium SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to an aerodynamic system for a motor vehicle. Moving motor vehicles are subject to various efforts that oppose their advancement. These efforts are in particular the forces of solid friction, in contact with the wheels with the ground, and the aerodynamic forces, partly due to the friction of the air on the walls of the body of the vehicle, and for another part, to the pressure value exerted primarily at the front and rear of the vehicle. At high speeds, these aerodynamic forces become dominant over the others and play an important role in the vehicle's energy consumption. Part of the aerodynamic forces are generated by the depressions created by the detachments, recirculations and longitudinal vortices of the air at the rear of the vehicle. It is for this reason that motor vehicles are generally equipped with aerodynamic systems to facilitate the flow of air near the bodywork parts of the vehicle, more precisely to avoid turbulence which generates a loss of energy and therefore, an increase in the vehicle's energy consumption. It is known that these turbulences can be generated in separation regions marked by incidence ruptures of vehicle body parts. These breaks, also called trailing edges or separation line, correspond to breaks in the shape of the part (curve change, protruding shape, end of workpiece) which lead to breaks in the incidence of the air flow. relative to the wall. These detachment regions generate, downstream, swirling zones in which a depression is created when the vehicle is traveling. This vortex zone comprises a shear layer and a return main vortex. Such areas are for example in the vicinity of the rear upper end of the vehicle, formed by the transverse connection between the roof and the top of the tailgate, or in the vicinity of the amounts of rear bay or lower part of the rear bumper or level of rear bumper brackets. Vortex or vacuum zones may also be in the vicinity of the upper front end of the vehicle, formed by the transverse connection between the roof and the top of the windshield, in the vicinity of the front bay pillars, the front or rear wings , or body parts surrounding the front or rear wheel wells. To improve the flow of air in these swirling zones, particularly at the rear of the vehicle, it is sought to refine or extend these trailing edges, adapting the shape of the tailgate or the roof. Conventional systems consist essentially of spoilers, fins or baffles placed in these areas at the rear of the vehicle. However, such parts do not completely remove turbulence, and are relatively restrictive from an aesthetic point of view. Also known from EP1740442B for example, aerodynamic devices which are constituted by one or more fins forming at least one vortex generator and generally disposed upstream of a detachment line of an element of the body of the motor vehicle. These fins are most often displaceable between a retracted position and a projecting position in which they act on the vortex structures generated around the bodywork elements of the vehicle. However, such devices face problems of size, appearance and integration on the body elements. For example, the fins 15 must imperatively be retracted under certain conditions, which imposes complex technical solutions of mobility of the fins. In addition, if these finned systems are well suited when the angle of the separation region is low, they are not suitable when this angle is strong. This angle is the angle defined by the breakage of the bodywork part, for example the angle formed between the roof and the rear window. Also known from EP 1 873 044 for example, an aerodynamic system to limit losses in the shear layer, without imposing special shapes to the body parts. Such a system comprises electromechanical means arranged in the vicinity of a detachment region of the vehicle. These means are capable of transforming electricity into pressure waves allowing the creation of a periodic air jet. This jet makes it possible to reduce the structures produced in the shear layer and to reduce the intensity of the vortex produced downstream. However, such a solution requires very precise positioning to be effective, and is difficult to adapt to different types of vehicles and / or different vehicle running speeds. The object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks by providing a more efficient aerodynamic system, without imposing any special shapes on the bodywork parts, while maintaining an efficiency regardless of the angle of the separation region of the vehicle. air. Thus, the subject of the invention relates to an aerodynamic system for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one vortex generator by creating a periodic air jet, capable of being disposed downstream of at least one region detachment of at least one bodywork element of a vehicle, generating a vortex zone having a shear layer and a return main vortex. The vortex generator comprises at least one steerable nozzle capable of generating vortices moving in a defined direction toward the shear layer and the return main vortex in a plane different from the shear layer. The system according to the invention can be positioned on any bodywork part of the vehicle, and on any type of vehicle. This system is also suitable when the angle of the detachment region is strong.
    [0002] According to the invention, the steerable nozzle may be able to generate vortices driven by the main vortex. The steerable nozzle is preferably adapted to direct the air jet at or substantially upstream of the intersection between the shear layer and the return main vortex.
    [0003] According to one embodiment, the steerable nozzle comprises a means of rotation around an axis substantially parallel to the width of the shear layer. Advantageously, the steerable nozzle comprises at least one slot from which an air jet is produced capable of generating said swirls, the dimensions and / or the shape of said slot being defined as a function of the structure of the shear layer for a speed 20 vehicle data. The swivel nozzle can be swiveled to fit a type of vehicle. The steerable nozzle may also be adjustable so as to adapt during rolling to a change of speed of said vehicle or the attitude of the vehicle. The steerable nozzle may also be adapted to generate periodic air jets by oscillation about a selected direction. According to the invention, the vortex generator may comprise a vibratory means capable of periodically sending air into a diffuser, on which the steerable nozzle is articulated, the diffuser being sealed by means of a shell which closes the diffuser . Preferably, the vortex generator is adapted to generate an air jet at a frequency substantially greater than the main frequency of vortex transport in the shear layer. According to an exemplary embodiment, the vibratory means comprises electromechanical means capable of transforming electricity into vibratory waves. These electromechanical means may comprise a film molded into a vehicle body part. Advantageously, the system may comprise a device for controlling the speed of the jet of air at the outlet of the nozzle, the frequency at which the jet of air is generated and the orientation of the air jet at the outlet nozzle. According to an exemplary embodiment, the system may comprise a set of nozzles, the dimensions of each slot of the nozzles and / or the number of orientable nozzles being defined according to the structure of the shear layer for a given speed of the vehicle. The invention also relates to an assembly of a body part of a motor vehicle and at least one aerodynamic system according to the invention. The body part is preferably arranged in a region of incidence of incidence of the vehicle. The bodywork part can be chosen from an assembly comprising a front or rear bay post, a rearview mirror, a roof, a tailgate, a rear spoiler, a wing, an outer part surrounding the wheels such as a mudguard or a bumper. wing extension. Finally, the assembly according to the invention may comprise a set of aerodynamic system. The invention will be better understood on reading the appended figures, which are provided by way of example and are in no way limiting in nature, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of the aerodynamic system according to FIG. invention and its operation. Figure 2 shows the flow of air at a rear spoiler of a motor vehicle. Figure 3 illustrates the operation of the aerodynamic system according to the invention at a rear spoiler of a motor vehicle. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the aerodynamic system according to the invention. FIGS. 5A and 5B show a section of an exemplary embodiment of the aerodynamic system according to the invention. In Fig. 5B, the nozzle is oriented at an angle of 30 ° to the nozzle of Fig. 5A. Referring now to Figures 1, 2 and 3, which illustrate an example of aerodynamic system (1) for a motor vehicle according to the invention, and its operation. This system (1) comprises at least one vortex generator (2) by creating a periodic air jet (15) capable of being disposed downstream of at least one separation region (9) of at least a body member (4) of a vehicle. This detachment region generates downstream (in the direction of the air flow, that is to say from the front of the vehicle towards the rear of the vehicle), a swirling zone (3) comprising a shear layer (8) and a main return vortex (5). The vortex generator (2) comprises at least one orientable nozzle (6) able to generate vortices (7) in the direction of the shear layer (8) and the main vortex (5) back, in a plane different from the shear layer (8) (in a plane incident to the shear layer). The term "periodic air jets" means a set of jets that are generated, whereof the speed varies, in time with a given frequency. The creation of an air jet can be done by blowing only, by suction only, by blowing and suction, or by oscillation, that is to say by variation of the angle of orientation of the nozzle (on talk about oscillating nozzle around a given position). Thus, the vortex generator (2) is adapted to periodically create an air jet, performing a succession of blowing, or suction, or a periodic combination of blowing and suction. Referring to FIG. 2, airflow is described at the rear of a moving vehicle. The air undergoes detachment at a detachment region (9), such as the rear spoiler for example. Following this separation, sheared air sheets (10) are formed which extend towards the rear of the vehicle. These plies (10) form a shear layer (8) because the velocity of the air (v +) in the top of the layer is greater than the velocity of the air (v-) in the bottom of the layer. Under this shear layer (8), a depression is created at the origin of a main return vortex (5). At a certain distance from the separation region (9), vortices (11) appear in the shear layer (8) due to differences in velocity (v +, 25 v-). These vortices (11) then destructure the shear air layers (10), which limits the pressure drop in the main return vortex (5). The webs (10) interact with the main return vortex (5), creating a pressure drop in this central vortex (5). When the pressure in the main return vortex (5) is low, the aerodynamic forces at the rear of the vehicle 30 increase, and thus, the vehicle consumption increases. It is therefore sought to increase the pressure of the main return vortex (5). To do this, it is desired to destructure as soon as possible, that is to say closer to the delamination region (9), the air layers (10). In other words, it is desired to destructure the air sheets (10) upstream of vortex formation (11) in the shear layer (8). To do this, and as illustrated in FIG. 3, the system (1) according to the invention is used, by regulating it so as to generate vortices (7) in the direction of the air flow. on the vehicle, that is towards the rear of the vehicle, in the direction of both the shear layer (8) and the main vortex (5) back, in a plane different from the vortices created in the shear layer (8). If it is considered that the shear layer (8) flows in a direction x, and has a width in a direction y, then the nozzle (6) is rotatable about an axis substantially parallel to the direction y. The nozzle (6) can also be rotatable about an axis z substantially perpendicular to the x and y axes. According to the example of Figures 1 to 4, the nozzle (6) is orientable around a substantially Y axis of the vehicle.
    [0004] The system (1) according to the invention makes it possible to generate an air jet (15) in and around a defined optimum direction around which vortices (7) will form. These vortices (7) move in this optimal direction. This optimal direction makes the system more efficient than previous systems. An optimal direction is a direction allowing the vortices (7) generated 15 around the air jet (15) coming out of the nozzle, and moving along this jet of air (15), to be driven by the vortex Main (5) back. Furthermore it is preferable that these vortices (7) penetrate quickly into the shear layer (8), rather than being dragged over a large part of the main vortex (5). Therefore, the optimum direction is preferably the direction in which the air jet (15) arrives at or slightly upstream of the intersection between the shear layer (8) and the main vortex (5). ) back. Depending on the driving conditions, the air jet (15) in the optimum direction arrives tangentially to the shear layer (8). According to other running conditions, the air jet (15) in the optimum direction intersects the shear layer (8). To further improve the efficiency of the system (1), the system (1) makes it possible to generate structures (vortices (7) or vortex assemblies) whose shape and generation frequency make it possible to better destructure the shear layer (8). ). The optimization of these structures (vortices or eddy sets) is done by changing the size of the nozzles and / or the number of nozzles, as well as the frequency of generation of the air jets. The steerable nozzle (6) has a slit from which an air jet (15) is produced which is capable of generating the swirls in the direction of the shear layer (8). A slit is a hole of generally oblong shape. The slot has several dimensions. The largest of these dimensions is called slot length. The dimensions of this slot are defined according to the structure of the shear layer (8). More specifically, the dimensions, and particularly the length, of the slot are defined as a function of the frequency and size of the vortices (11) generated and transported in the thickness of the downstream shear layer (8). of the detachment line (9), and for a given speed of the vehicle. According to the examples illustrated in the figures, the slots are parallel to the Y axis of the vehicle. In other embodiments, the slots may have other orientations. They may in particular be parallel to the Z axis of the vehicle. Preferably, the system (1) comprises a plurality of steerable nozzles (6). In this case, the dimensions of each slot of the nozzles (6) and / or the number of orientable nozzles (6) are defined as a function of the frequency of the vortices (11) in the shear layer (8) and the thickness (in the substantially Z-direction of the vehicle) of the shear layer (8) just downstream of the separation line (9), and for a given speed of the vehicle. The number of system (1) is also a function of the dimension of the system (1) along the Y axis of the vehicle and the shape and size of the bodywork part (4), hence the width of the shear layer ( 8). Indeed, it may be necessary to follow the curve of the bodywork part (4) to multiply the systems (1). The number of systems is then a compromise between the reduction of the size of the system (1) and the number of systems (complexity of assembly and costs). For example, one can use several 4cm systems to fit the curve of a spoiler 2m wide. For example, the greater the vortex frequency, the larger the slot and / or the more the system (1) will have nozzles (6), and the greater the thickness of the shear layer, the larger the slot will be. or more the system (1) comprises nozzles (6).
    [0005] Thus, each nozzle (6) is not only steerable, but also, because of the adaptation of the dimensions and the shape of the slot, adapted to the width of the detachment, and the structure of the shear layer (8) . According to the embodiment of FIG. 4, the vortex generator (2) comprises vibratory means (12) able to periodically send air into a diffuser (13), on which the orientable nozzle (6) is mounted movably in rotation between two angular positions, a minimum position and a maximum position. The assembly constituted by the diffuser (13) and the shell (14) constitute a sealed housing around the nozzle. The vibratory means (12) is able to generate air jets (15) at a given frequency, for example at the frequency at which the vortices (11) appear in the shear layer (8). Vortices (7) are then generated around the air jet (15) in the direction of the air jet (15). According to one embodiment, the vibratory means (12) comprises electromechanical means capable of transforming electricity into vibratory waves. Preferably, these electromechanical means comprise a film (17) overmoulded in a bodywork part of the vehicle or in a housing adapted to be integrated in this part.
    [0006] The electromechanical means comprise for example a loudspeaker (18). They may also comprise piezoelectric means, for example a piezoelectric film of plastic molded into a bodywork part or in a separate housing. The electromechanical means can be obtained by overmolding a semiconductor film. The electromechanical means may comprise electroactive polymers, preferably in the form of a dielectric elastomeric film molded into the bodywork part. The steerable nozzle (6) is angularly actuated by means of rotation (19) around a substantially Y-axis of the vehicle, and possibly Z. This rotating means (19) makes it possible to incline the nozzle (6). relative to the shear layer (8) and the main return vortex (5) in a predefined range of angles. The range of angles (see Figure 1) allows to orient the air jet (15) in the optimum direction defined above. Figures 5A and 5B show a section of an exemplary embodiment of the aerodynamic system according to the invention. In Figure 5B, the nozzle is oriented at an angle of 30 ° to the nozzle of Figure 5A. According to one embodiment, the system (1) comprises a control device (20) for the speed of the air jet (15) at the nozzle outlet (6), the frequency at which the air jet (15) ) is generated and the orientation of the air jet (15) at the nozzle outlet. The speed and the frequency make it possible to manage the structure and the size of the vortices (7). The control member (20) can operate in at least one of the following modes: According to a first embodiment, the angle of orientation of the nozzle (6), the frequency of generation of the air jets ( 15), and the speed of the air jets (15) of the system (1) are predetermined and preset for a given configuration of a given vehicle. For example, the configuration corresponding to the maximum speed of the economic operating mode can be used. The system (1) is subsequently no longer adjustable, it is said static, as opposed to the dynamic mode below. According to a second embodiment, the system (1) is dynamic, in the sense that the orientation angle of the nozzle (6) and the frequency of generation of the air jets (15) and the speed of the jets d air (15) may change depending on the use of the vehicle. The programming allowing such modifications can be pre-established in development, by rolling tests in different configurations allowing the establishment of behavior laws. According to a third embodiment, the system (1) is intelligent: it is set alone according to the type of vehicle, the driving style and the rolling conditions. Thus, the inclination of the nozzle (6) is adjusted during rolling, so that the air jets (15) are always oriented in the optimum direction. The nozzle (6) therefore adapts to a change of speed of the vehicle for example. The speed of the air jet (15) and the frequency of the air jets (15) are also defined at each variation of the rolling conditions, such as the attitude of the vehicle.
    [0007] In sum, the aerodynamic system (1) according to the invention comprises various adjustment means for destructuring the shear layer (8) as close as possible to the separation line: - the orientation of the nozzle (static, dynamic or oscillation around an optimal direction); - the orientation of the slot of the nozzle; - the shape of the slot, including its dimensions; - the speed of the air jet; - the frequency of the air jet.
    [0008] The invention also relates to an assembly (21) of a body part (4) of a motor vehicle and an aerodynamic system (1) according to the invention. The bodywork part (4) is arranged in a vehicle incidence breaking zone and is preferably chosen from an assembly comprising: a front or rear bay post, a rearview mirror, a roof, a tailgate, a rear spoiler, a wing, an outer part surrounding the wheels such as a mudguard or wing extension. According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly (21) comprises several systems (1) according to the invention, positioned discontinuously, and whose number depends on the radius of curvature of the separation region (9). In one example, the bodywork part (4) is a rear spoiler, and the aerodynamic systems (1) are distributed over the entire width of the vehicle on the spoiler.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Aerodynamic system (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one vortex generator (2) by creating a periodic air jet (15) able to be disposed downstream of at least one delamination region (9) d at least one bodywork element (4) of a vehicle, said detachment region (9) generating a vortex zone (3) having a shear layer (8) and a main vortex (5) of return, characterized in that said vortex generator (2) comprises at least one orientable nozzle (6) able to generate vortices (7) moving in a defined direction towards the shear layer (8) and the main vortex (5) back, in a different plane of the shear layer (8).
    [0002]
    2. System (1) according to claim 1, wherein the steerable nozzle (6) is adapted to generate vortices (7) driven by the main vortex (5).
    [0003]
    3. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steerable nozzle (6) is adapted to direct the air jet (15) at or substantially upstream of the intersection between the layer of shear (8) and the main vortex (5) back.
    [0004]
    4. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steerable nozzle (6) comprises a rotating means (19) around an axis substantially parallel to the width of the shear layer (8).
    [0005]
    5. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steerable nozzle (6) comprises at least one slot from which a jet of air is output able to generate said swirls (7), the dimensions and / or the shape of said slot being defined according to the structure of the shear layer (8) for a given speed of the vehicle.
    [0006]
    6. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steerable nozzle (6) is adjustable to adapt to a type of vehicle.
    [0007]
    7. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steerable nozzle (6) is rotatable so as to adapt during rolling to a change of speed of said vehicle or the attitude of the vehicle.
    [0008]
    8. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steerable nozzle (6) is adapted to generate periodic air jets (15) by oscillation around a chosen direction.
    [0009]
    9. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vortex generator (2) comprises vibratory means (12) adapted to periodically send air into a diffuser (13), on which the swivel nozzle (6) is mounted articulated, the-11- diffuser being sealed by means of a shell (14) closing the diffuser (13).
    [0010]
    10. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vortex generator (2) is adapted to generate an air jet (15) at a frequency substantially greater than the main frequency of vortex transport in the shear layer (8).
    [0011]
    11. System (1) according to one of claims 9 and 10, wherein the vibratory means (12) comprises electromechanical means capable of transforming electricity into vibratory waves.
    [0012]
    12. System (1) according to claim 11, wherein the electromechanical means comprises a film (17) overmolded in a part (4) of the vehicle body.
    [0013]
    13. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a control member (20) of the speed of the air jet (15) at the nozzle outlet (6), the frequency with which the jet of air (15) is generated and the orientation of the air jet (15) at the nozzle outlet.
    [0014]
    14. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a set of nozzles (6), the dimensions of each slot of the nozzles (6) and / or the number of adjustable nozzles (6) being defined according to the structure of the shear layer (8) for a given speed of the vehicle.
    [0015]
    15. Assembly (21) of a bodywork part (4) of a motor vehicle and at least one aerodynamic system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
    [0016]
    An assembly according to claim 15, wherein the bodywork part (4) is arranged in a region (9) of incidence failure of the vehicle.
    [0017]
    An assembly according to claim 16, wherein the bodywork part (4) is selected from an assembly comprising a front or rear rackpost, a rearview mirror, a roof, a tailgate, a rear spoiler, a wing, an outer room surrounding wheels such as a mudguard or wing extension.
    [0018]
    18. Assembly according to one of claims 16 to 18, comprising a set of aerodynamic system (1).
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
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    2016-07-22| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160722 |
    2017-01-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1550483A|FR3031719B1|2015-01-21|2015-01-21|AERODYNAMIC SYSTEM WITH VORTEX ORIENTABLE GENERATOR|FR1550483A| FR3031719B1|2015-01-21|2015-01-21|AERODYNAMIC SYSTEM WITH VORTEX ORIENTABLE GENERATOR|
    PCT/FR2016/050105| WO2016116698A1|2015-01-21|2016-01-20|Aerodynamic system with orientable vortex generator|
    US15/545,009| US10220891B2|2015-01-21|2016-01-20|Aerodynamic system with orientable vortex generator|
    EP16703347.1A| EP3247615B1|2015-01-21|2016-01-20|Aerodynamic system with orientable vortex generator|
    CN201680011167.5A| CN107438555B|2015-01-21|2016-01-20|Aerodynamics system with orientable vortex generator|
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